Birthdays.
- 1448 - King Alphonso II of Naples (d. 1495)
- 1470 - King Edward V of England, one of the two princes in the Tower
- 1575 - Guido Reni, Italian painter (d. 1642)
- 1631 - Mary of Orange, eldest daughter of Charles I of England and mother of William III of England (d. 1660)
- 1661 - Karl III Philip, Elector Palatine (d. 1742)
- 1740 - Augustus Montague Toplady, author of hymn, "Rock of Ages"
- 1765 - Pierre Girard, French mathematician (d. 1836)
- 1836 - Henry J. Lutcher, Business leader (d. 1912)
- 1874 - Aleksandr Vasilevich Kolchak, Russian military commander (d. 1920)
- 1879 - Will Rogers, American humorist and entertainer (d. 1935)
- 1883 - Nikolaos Plastiras, Greek general and politician (d. 1953)
- 1901 - Princess Bang-ja of Korea (d. 1989)
- 1908 - Józef Rotblat, Polish physicist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 2005)
- 1909 - Skeeter Webb, baseball player (d. 1986)
- 1912 - Vadim Salmanov, Russian composer (d. 1978)
- 1913 - Gig Young, American actor (d. 1978)
- 1914 - Martin Balsam, American actor (d. 1996)
- 1916 - Walter Cronkite, American news broadcaster
- 1918 - Art Carney, American actor (d. 2003)
- 1923 - Freddy Heineken, Dutch businessman (d. 2002)
- 1929 - Doris Roberts, American actress
- 1930 - Dick Groat, baseball player
- 1932 - Thomas Klestil, President of Austria (d. 2004)
- 1937 - Loretta Swit, American actress
- 1944 - Scherrie Payne, American singer (The Supremes)
- 1946 - Robert Mapplethorpe, American photographer (d. 1989)
- 1946 - Laura Bush, First Lady of the United States
- 1951 - Traian B?sescu, President of Romania
- 1953 - Carlos Gutierrez, American politician
- 1955 - Matti Vanhanen, Prime Minister of Finland
- 1961 - Kathy Griffin, American comedienne and actress
- 1961 - Ralph Macchio, American actor
- 1965 - Wayne Static, American singer/guitarist (Static-X)
- 1969 - Matthew McConaughey, American actor
- 1970 - Sean Jean "Puff Daddy" Combs, American rapper
- 1972 - Luis Figo, Portuguese footballer
- 1975 - Eduard Kokcharov, Russian handball player
- 1979 - Liwen Jing, Chinese smart girl
- 1986 - Alexz Johnson, Canadian singer
Events.
- 1576 - Eighty Years' War: In Belgium, Spain captures Antwerp (after three days the city was nearly destroyed).
- 1612 - Moscow Kitai-gorod taken by Russian troops under command of Dmitry Pozharsky
- 1677 - The future Mary II of England marries William, Prince of Orange. They would later be known as William and Mary.
- 1842 - Abraham Lincoln, future US President, married Mary Todd in Springfield, Illinois.
- 1852 - Count Camillo Benso di Cavour became the prime minister of Piedmont-Sardinia, which soon expanded to become Italy.
- 1861 - The University of Washington opens in Seattle, Washington as the Territorial University
- 1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Johnsonville - Confederate troops bombard a Union supply base and destroy millions of dollars in material.
- 1869 - The first issue of the scientific journal Nature is published.
- 1884 - U.S. presidential election, 1884: Democrat Grover Cleveland defeats Republican James G. Blaine in a very close contest to win the first of his two non-consecutive terms.
- 1889 - Menelek of Shoa obtains the allegiance of a large majority of the Ethiopian nobility, paving the way for him to be crowned emperor.
- 1890 - City & South London Railway: London's first deep-level tube railway opens between King William Street and Stockwell.
- 1899 - Sigmund Freud's The Interpretation of Dreams is published.
- 1918 - World War I: Austria-Hungary surrenders to Italy.
- 1918 - The German Revolution begins when 40,000 sailors take over the port in Kiel.
- 1921 - The Sturmabteilung or SA is formally formed by Adolf Hitler
- 1922 - In Egypt, British archaeologist Howard Carter and his men find the entrance to King Tutankhamen's tomb in the Valley of the Kings.
- 1924 - Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming elected as the first woman governor in the United States.
- 1928 - Arnold Rothstein, New York City's most notorious gambler, is shot dead over a poker game.
- 1939 - World War II: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt orders the United States Customs Service to implement the Neutrality Act of 1939, allowing cash-and-carry purchases of weapons by belligerents.
- 1942 - World War II: Second Battle of El Alamein - Disobeying a direct order by Adolf Hitler, General Field Marshal Erwin Rommel leads his forces on a five-month retreat.
- 1948 - T.S. Eliot wins the Nobel Prize in Literature.
- 1952 - U.S. presidential election, 1952: Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower defeats Democrat Adlai Stevenson.
- 1956 - Soviet troops invade Hungary to crush the Hungarian revolution that started on 23 October. Thousands are killed, more are wounded, and nearly a quarter million leave the country.
- 1960 - Filming wraps on The Misfits, starring Marilyn Monroe and Clark Gable -- the last film for both.
- 1966 - Two-thirds of Florence, Italy is submerged as the Arno and Po rivers flood; 113 people die, 30,000 are rendered homeless, and countless Renaissance artworks and books are destroyed.
- 1970 - Vietnam War: Vietnamization - The United States turns control of the air base in the Mekong Delta over to South Vietnam.
- 1979 - Iran hostage crisis begins: Iranian radicals, mostly students, invade the United States embassy in Tehran and take 90 hostages (63 of whom are American).
- 1980 - U.S. presidential election, 1980: Republican challenger Ronald Reagan defeats incumbent Democrat Jimmy Carter by a wide margin.
- 1993 - Jean Chrétien takes office as Prime Minister of Canada.
- 1993 - Bolivia becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
- 1993 - A series of fires destroy 1000 homes in southern California, causing between 500 million and 1 billion USD of damage. Half of the fires turn out to be arson.
- 1993 - A China Airlines Boeing 747 overran Runway 13 at Hong Kong's Kai Tak International Airport while landing during a typhoon. The wind was gusting to gale force at the time. It touched down more than 2/3 down the runway and was unable to stop before the runway ran out and the plane crashed into the sea. 22 people were injured.
- 1995 - After attending a peace rally in Tel Aviv's Kings Square, Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Rabin is mortally wounded by an extreme right-wing Israeli assassin. He dies of his wounds later that night in a Tel Aviv Hospital.
- 2001 - Hurricane Michelle hits Cuba, destroying crops and thousands of homes.
- 2001 - The Police Service of Northern Ireland is established.
- 2003 - The largest-ever solar flare is recorded.
- 2003 - Former HealthSouth CEO Richard Scrushy becomes the first person indicted under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. He was eventually acquitted.
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